cross-border violence — 9DASHLINE

Why India-Pakistan crises keep returning

Written by Edwin Akpotu

While diplomacy can reduce immediate risks, longer-term change depends on progress on Kashmir, reductions in cross-border violence, and stronger political support for engagement in both countries. This helps explain why periods of calm have repeatedly proven fragile despite considerable diplomatic effort.

Jammu and Kashmir: Living with violence along the border

Written by Deep Pal

For locals as well as security agencies, the current ceasefire, without resolving underlying issues, is temporary at best. This is evident in the fact that in over 18 months without CFVs, permanent security structures along the border have not been dismantled.

South Asia, In Focus9DLDecember 15, 20229DashLine, Jammu and Kashmir: Living with violence along the border, Deep Pal, Arnia, Jammu and Kashmir, ceasefire, Line of Control (LoC), India, Pakistan, 2003 ceasefire agreement, ceasefire violation (CFV), violence, International Border (IB), casualties, Kathua, Samba, Jammu, Poonch, Rajouri, Baramulla, Kupwara, health, education, United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), cross-border violence, firing, shelling, mortar fire, landmines, civilians, critical infrastructures, school, farmland, evacuation, economic distress, displacement, students, agriculture, horticulture, handicrafts, mines, bunkers, Pahadis, Gujjars, fencing, fence, Médecins Sans Frontières, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, substance dependence and abuse, investment, military, security, revocation of Article 370 in 2019, Indian government, Indian Army, crop loss, livestock, compensation for victims, border communities, empowerment, entrepreneurship, employment, cross-LoC trade, Border Area Development Programme (BADP), development projects, Sadbhavana, military-civic action programme, health camps, veterinary check-ups, surgeries, vaccinations, drug de-addiction sessions, career guidance talks, technical training camps